The theory of optimism as an explanatory style stems from theory of attribution and theory of learned helplessness ( Seligman, 1990). Authors consider it a relatively stable and fixed facet of personality. Dispositional optimism is, to a large extent, affected by genetics. These differences also significantly influence, inter alia, coping with stress. Pessimists, on the other hand, are full of doubt and hesitation. To any challenge, an optimist reacts with faith in reaching desirable results and continually taking part in the activity even if the process is long and difficult. Scheier Carver (2002, a, b, 2014) are proponents of the theory of dispositional optimism and define it as a generalized expectation of positive course of events and a positive result of the event or activity itself. We may be surprised that both optimism and pessimism may be emotionally defensive in nature, and that optimism is motivating along the road towards a goal, but may also be an appealing goal in itself. However, we must not forget the emotional entourage accompanying optimism and pessimism. Current psychological approaches consider optimism most commonly a cognitive characteristic the authors focus on the goals, the expectations and the causal attributions. Specialized literature specifies and differentiates, inter alia, dispositional optimism ( Scheier, & Carver, 1985), optimistic or pessimistic attributional (explanatory) style ( Peterson, & Seligman, 1987), optimism as a positive illusion ( Taylor, & Brown, 1988), unrealistic optimism ( Weinstein, 1980), unrealistic pessimism ( Heine, & Lehman, 1995), defensive pessimism and strategic optimism ( Norem, & Cantor, 1986). They do not always correspond to the commonly used meaning of the terms. Optimism and pessimism can be seen as umbrella terms used in relation to many current constructs. Keywords: Optimism pessimism hope models Introduction Optimism focuses more broadly on the expected quality of future outcomes in general. ), who views his construct of hope more actively and specifically in comparison to optimism. Our model corresponds to Snyder’s concept ( We consider model three as the best suited both statistically and for interpretation. The third model used two second order correlated factors - optimism and hope. The second model implemented a second order factor of general optimism. The first model was first order factor analysis model with correlated factors represented by individual measures. We created three models and evaluated them using confirmatory factor analysis. Following measures were used: the Defensive Pessimism Questionnaire (DPQ), the Life Orientation Test (LOT-R), Adult Dispositional Hope Scale (ADHS) and Unrealistic Optimism Scale. 13-19808S) were to design a model of optimism/pessimism using the dimensions of dispositional optimism, defensive pessimism, unrealistic optimism and hope, and to determine the degree of conceptual overlap between optimism and hope. The aims of the research (supported by GACR, no. Current approaches to optimism accentuate its many different aspects: dispositional optimism (
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